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Meet the Deputy Chief Administrative Law Judge

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys.

Urinary tract anatomy and birth defects that can block the normal flow of urine. Explains diagnostic procedures and treatment of urine blockage in newborns.

Read about bladder infections, as well as pain and urgency with urination, in children. Learn about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatments.

Details the anatomy, function, and importance of the urinary tract. Describes what affects the amount of urine a person produces.

Acute urinary retention and chronic urinary retention, possible causes and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and complications.

Describes temporary diversions—nephrostomy and urinary catheterization—and permanent diversions—urostomy and continent urinary diversion.

Simple kidney cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form in one or both of your kidneys. Simple kidney cysts are usually harmless and don’t cause symptoms.

Provides basic information about the prostate gland and prostate enlargement. Describes symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Describes the anatomy of the male perineum and discusses ways in which the perineum may be injured. Explains treatments for perineal injuries.

Learn about Peyronie’s disease, the causes, how it develops, the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options, and clinical trials.

Learn about the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of kidney stones in children as well as prevention strategies and treatment options.

Learn about the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of kidney stones as well as prevention strategies and treatment options.

Learn about interstitial cystitis: symptoms-urinary urgency, frequency; diagnosis; treatment-lifestyle, diet, bladder training, medicines, surgery.

Discusses the conditions that may lead to blood in the urine. Lists diagnostic tests that may be required to find the cause of hematuria.