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Milk thistle is available in the United States as a dietary supplement. Human clinical trials have investigated milk thistle in hepatitis or cirrhosis, although small studies have been reported in some cancers. Get detailed information on studies of milk thistle in cancer in this clinician summary.

Expert-reviewed information summary about the treatment of small intestine cancer.

Late effects of cancer treatment can cause serious, disabling, and life-threatening chronic health conditions that adversely affect the health of aging childhood cancer survivors. Learn about subsequent neoplasms and the cardiovascular, cognitive, psychosocial, digestive, endocrine, immune, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and urinary late effects of pediatric cancer treatment in this expert-reviewed summary.

Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter treatment is primarily surgery. In the case that the cancer has spread or come back, chemotherapy is sometimes used.  Learn more about the treatment for these cancers in this expert-reviewed summary.

Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are treated with chemotherapy or other drugs, stem cell transplant, supportive care, and targeted therapy. They include chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML). Learn about the clinical features and treatment options for these leukemias.

Spirituality in cancer care is an important aspect for many patients, and the value of spiritual well-being is increasingly being documented. Get detailed information about spirituality in cancer care, assessment, and interventions in this clinician summary.

There is no standard or routine screening test for stomach (gastric) cancer. Stomach (gastric) cancer is not common in the U.S. Learn about tests that have been studied to detect or screen for stomach cancer in this expert-reviewed summary.

Esophageal cancer screening is not currently considered to be a routine part of cancer screening. Not all screening tests are helpful, and many have risks. Learn more about esophageal cancer risk factors and tests to detect it in this expert-reviewed summary.

Levels of Evidence for Cancer Screening and Prevention Studies explains how to weigh the strength of the evidence obtained in cited research studies. Get detailed information on this formal ranking system in this summary for clinicians.

Cervical cancer screening tests (e.g., the Papanicolaou (Pap) Test, HPV DNA, Thin-prep) find cervical changes before cancer develops. Learn more about the potential benefits and harms of these tests in this expert-reviewed summary.