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Levels of Evidence for Cancer Screening and Prevention Studies explains how to weigh the strength of the evidence obtained in cited research studies. Get detailed information on this formal ranking system in this summary for clinicians.

Esophageal cancer screening is not currently considered to be a routine part of cancer screening. Not all screening tests are helpful, and many have risks. Learn more about esophageal cancer risk factors and tests to detect it in this expert-reviewed summary.

Late effects of cancer treatment can cause serious, disabling, and life-threatening chronic health conditions that adversely affect the health of aging childhood cancer survivors. Learn about subsequent neoplasms and the cardiovascular, cognitive, psychosocial, digestive, endocrine, immune, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and urinary late effects of pediatric cancer treatment in this expert-reviewed summary.

Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms treatments vary and depend upon the specific diagnosis. Treatment may include observation, phlebotomy, transfusions, chemotherapy/medications, radiation, biologic/targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant. Learn more in this expert-reviewed summary.

The treatment of cancer may cause health problems (late effects) for childhood cancer survivors months or years after successful treatment has ended. Get information about the long-term physical, psychological and social effects of treatment for childhood cancer in this expert-reviewed summary.

Wilms tumor and other childhood kidney tumors treatment usually includes surgery and may be followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Other treatments may include immunotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. Learn more in this expert-reviewed summary.

Liver cancer risk factors include hepatitis B and C, cirrhosis, and aflatoxin (poison from certain foods). Learn about these and other risk factors for liver cancer and how to prevent liver cancer in this expert-reviewed and evidence-based summary.

Bladder cancer treatment options depend on if it is nonmuscle or muscle invasive and may include surgery, BCG, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Get detailed information about the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent bladder cancer in this summary for clinicians.

Hypopharyngeal cancer treatment options include surgery and/or radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy. Get detailed information about the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent hypopharyngeal cancer in this summary for clinicians.

AIDS-related lymphoma treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant, and/or targeted therapy. Get detailed information about the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent HIV-related lymphoma in this summary for clinicians.