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Your doctor may diagnose overweight and obesity based on your medical history, a physical exam that checks your body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and tests to rule out other medical conditions.

Many factors such as age (being younger than two years old or 65 of older), smoking, and other medical conditions such as heart failure, diabetes, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), or people who have weak immune systems due to HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy (a treatment for cancer), or organ or blood and marrow stem cell transplant procedures can increase your chances of getting pneumonia and having more severe pneumonia.

Your doctor will diagnose pneumonia based on your medical history, a physical exam, and results from certain diagnostic tests such as a chest x ray, blood tests, or blood culture. Your doctor may recommend other tests—sputum test, chest computed tomography (CT) scan, pleural fluid culture, pulse oximetry, or bronchoscopy—if you're in the hospital, have serious symptoms, are older, or have other health problems.

The signs and symptoms of pneumonia can be mild or severe and may include a cough with phlegm (a slimy substance), fever, chills, and trouble breathing. Possible complications may include bacteremia, septic shock, lung abscesses, pleural effusions, empyema, pleurisy, renal failure, or respiratory failure.

Signs and symptoms vary between acute, subacute, and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and may include flu-like illness including fever, chills, muscle or joint pain, or headaches; rales; cough; chronic bronchitis; shortness of breath; anorexia or weight loss; fatigue; fibrosis of the lungs; or clubbing of fingers or toes. Complications of chronic disease may include irreversible lung damage, permanently reduced lung function, pulmonary hypotension, or heart failure.

Pneumonia occurs when certain bacterial, viral, and fungal infections cause inflammation in the air sacs, or alveoli, of the lungs. Some of the more common causes in the United States include Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus bacteria, the influenza or flu virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Routine physical activity and reduction in sedentary lifestyle can improve physical fitness, lower many heart disease risk factors such as bad LDL cholesterol levels and increasing good HDL cholesterol levels in the blood, controlling high blood pressure, and helping you lose excess weight.

El tratamiento para el sobrepeso y la obesidad depende de la causa y la gravedad de la afección. Tratamientos posibles para alcanzar un peso saludable incluyen cambios saludables en el estilo de vida, programas de tratamiento de modificación de conducta para adelgazar, medicamentos y posiblemente cirugía.

Si le han diagnosticado sobrepeso y obesidad, es importante que no interrumpa el tratamiento, trate de alcanzar un peso saludable, continúe su programa de modificación de conducta para adelgazar y acuda a controles con su médico para que evalúen su condición and su riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones.

Factores de riesgo para sobrepeso y obesidad incluyen hábitos de estilo de vida poco saludables como la falta de actividad física, conductas de alimentación poco saludables, cantidad insuficiente de sueño, niveles altos de estrés, tener cierta edad, vivir en ambientes poco saludables, tener antecedentes familiares, ser de cierta raza o etnia o ser de un cierto sexo.