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A lung VQ scan is an imaging test that uses a ventilation (V) scan to measure air flow in your lungs and a perfusion (Q) scan to see where blood flows in your lungs. It uses special x ray scanners outside of your body to create pictures of air and blood flow patterns in your lungs.

Pulmonary function tests, or PFTs, measure how well your lungs work. They include tests that measure lung size and air flow, such as spirometry and lung volume tests. Other tests measure how well gases such as oxygen get in and out of your blood. These tests include pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas tests. Another pulmonary function test, called fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).

Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall.

Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia, after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting almost a third of people over age 70.

High Blood Triglycerides are high blood levels of a type of fat, or lipid, called triglycerides.

Almost all newborns in the United States are screened for congenital heart defects in the first few days after birth. However, if you are at high risk for having a baby with a congenital heart defect, your doctor may recommend screening before the baby is born or strategies to help prevent a congenital heart defect.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a procedure to treat aortic stenosis, a type of heart valve disease. TAVR replaces a faulty aortic valve with an aortic valve made from animal tissue. The procedure does not require open-heart surgery.

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that lie just under the skin and usually occur in the legs. They are caused by weak or damaged vein walls and valves.

Treatments for varicose veins in the legs include lifestyle changes, medical procedures to remove or close them, compression therapy, and medicines. Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may recommend a combination of treatments or no treatment at all. There is a chance that new varicose veins may form even after treatment, or you may need to be treated more than once.

Most patients who have cystic fibrosis have noticeable symptoms. Some patients have few or no signs or symptoms, while others experience severe symptoms or life-threatening complications. Symptoms may also change over time. The most common complications of cystic fibrosis affect the lungs and pancreas.